1 00:00:01,430 --> 00:00:04,830 Z�rich Airport, November 2001 2 00:00:05,230 --> 00:00:09,439 Flight 3597 of the company Crossair between are the last ones to land. 3 00:00:10,239 --> 00:00:17,239 The pilot landed in Zurich on the 20th year. He knew the airport. 4 00:00:18,559 --> 00:00:21,130 One controller follows their approach. 5 00:00:21,630 --> 00:00:24,090 Talk to runway 28. 6 00:00:25,090 --> 00:00:27,570 I can see the ground. We continue. 7 00:00:27,970 --> 00:00:31,580 Crossair 3597, reduce approach speed. 8 00:00:31,650 --> 00:00:34,230 But for some reason the crew cannot find the runway. 9 00:00:34,730 --> 00:00:38,020 He said he did saw the runway from 2,000 m. 10 00:00:39,050 --> 00:00:41,560 And the flight ends in disaster. 11 00:00:44,260 --> 00:00:49,120 Crossair 3597, can you hear me? We have a possible emergency... 12 00:00:49,350 --> 00:00:51,750 He collided with a hill. It was obviously too low. 13 00:00:52,150 --> 00:00:56,130 Serious error sent is the plane in a dangerous direction. 14 00:00:56,230 --> 00:00:58,000 24 people died. 15 00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:03,500 Researchers will find out someone's incredible past. 16 00:01:06,301 --> 00:01:16,301 Translated and adapted by: Travis 17 00:01:18,802 --> 00:01:20,802 Aircraft Accident Investigations Season 10 Episode 1 18 00:01:21,503 --> 00:01:27,003 The story is based on the official reports and memories of the participants. 19 00:01:29,004 --> 00:01:32,004 ERROR IN THE PILOT CABIN 20 00:01:36,505 --> 00:01:39,005 November 24, 2001. 21 00:01:39,130 --> 00:01:43,270 Flight 3597 of the company Crossair travels over Germany 22 00:01:43,271 --> 00:01:45,489 at 823 m height. 23 00:01:45,689 --> 00:01:48,300 The plane is controlled by the autopilot, and 24 00:01:48,301 --> 00:01:51,590 crew prepares for landing. 25 00:01:51,890 --> 00:01:55,840 According to the report, the runway is wet. 26 00:01:55,841 --> 00:01:58,030 There is no mention of braking. 27 00:01:58,031 --> 00:02:00,020 No reports of friction? 28 00:02:00,220 --> 00:02:01,650 There is none. 29 00:02:01,651 --> 00:02:06,650 This usually means that they are not go check it out. -That. 30 00:02:14,209 --> 00:02:18,109 It is the last flight of the day at to this busy European route. 31 00:02:21,389 --> 00:02:28,269 A 660 km journey from Berlin to to the south of Zurich it takes only an hour and a half. 32 00:02:28,369 --> 00:02:30,859 Many seats are empty. 33 00:02:30,959 --> 00:02:34,579 Group of 21 passengers she didn't come on the flight. 34 00:02:37,279 --> 00:02:40,939 Entrepreneur Peter Hogenkamp is returning from a business trip 35 00:02:40,940 --> 00:02:44,289 with your partner Jacqueline Badran 36 00:02:44,589 --> 00:02:49,909 We intended to travel by train, but we had to return to Z�rich 37 00:02:49,910 --> 00:02:54,569 at the opening of the exhibition at the fair. That's why we decided to fly. 38 00:02:56,869 --> 00:02:58,969 I need to get some sleep. 39 00:02:58,970 --> 00:03:03,750 We had a busy day and we were very tired. 40 00:03:04,650 --> 00:03:07,529 Among the passengers is found Female band Passion Fruit, 41 00:03:08,429 --> 00:03:10,869 German answer to Spice Girls. 42 00:03:11,569 --> 00:03:15,000 They headed for the last one concert of his tour. 43 00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:19,740 I wondered when they were all three girls from Passion Fruit 44 00:03:19,840 --> 00:03:22,530 they came and sat in front of us. 45 00:03:22,930 --> 00:03:25,499 I really needed that. 46 00:03:27,699 --> 00:03:32,649 The plane they fly with is an Avro 146 47 00:03:32,749 --> 00:03:37,469 It is a popular British young man in companies like Crossair. 48 00:03:39,069 --> 00:03:41,769 The pilot is Captain Hans-Ulrich Lutz. 49 00:03:41,969 --> 00:03:47,069 He spent 22 years in the company as a pilot and instructor. 50 00:03:48,639 --> 00:03:51,209 Tell me what the runway conditions are like. 51 00:03:52,409 --> 00:03:54,119 Cloudy with light snow. 52 00:03:54,819 --> 00:03:58,919 First Officer Stefan Loehrer is new to the company. 53 00:03:59,019 --> 00:04:02,249 He had a pilot's license only a year and a half. 54 00:04:02,649 --> 00:04:05,649 Crossair hired him immediately after the training. 55 00:04:13,449 --> 00:04:15,889 The girls from Passion Fruita were busy. 56 00:04:15,989 --> 00:04:21,019 I think they went with concert to concert. 57 00:04:21,519 --> 00:04:26,530 I wondered why this was happening. Couldn't I just sleep? 58 00:04:29,330 --> 00:04:32,610 We can probably move. 59 00:04:32,710 --> 00:04:36,590 We decided to move a few rows and change sides 60 00:04:36,690 --> 00:04:41,090 so we came to a quiet area. 61 00:04:46,050 --> 00:04:50,580 Crossair 3597, level 160. 62 00:04:51,380 --> 00:04:54,020 The flight is a little late. 63 00:04:54,120 --> 00:04:57,349 Should land in Z�rich in less than half an hour. 64 00:04:57,449 --> 00:05:01,000 According to the latest information let's go to runway 14. 65 00:05:02,300 --> 00:05:04,559 What approach? 66 00:05:05,159 --> 00:05:07,909 Instrumental. 67 00:05:08,009 --> 00:05:09,249 Good. 68 00:05:09,349 --> 00:05:13,580 Instrumental approach means yes Pilots will be guided to the runway 69 00:05:13,680 --> 00:05:17,570 radio signals from the airport. 70 00:05:17,670 --> 00:05:22,249 Height of 488 meters. 71 00:05:22,449 --> 00:05:25,270 We are going 30 m above the minimum. 72 00:05:25,370 --> 00:05:27,599 Good, 30 m above the minimum. 73 00:05:29,199 --> 00:05:33,699 Most of the work around the landing will perform advanced computing. 74 00:05:36,710 --> 00:05:39,879 Weather conditions in Zurich is getting better. 75 00:05:39,979 --> 00:05:42,699 It is snowing and visibility is poor. 76 00:05:42,919 --> 00:05:46,559 Crossair 3191, turn in direction 050. 77 00:05:47,059 --> 00:05:51,099 The controllers work in the tower according to the night procedure. 78 00:05:51,699 --> 00:05:56,199 The shift manager sends notice that runway 14 79 00:05:56,299 --> 00:06:00,520 can't use because of the controversial new law. 80 00:06:03,780 --> 00:06:08,290 Planes landing on runway 14 they have to access through Germany. 81 00:06:08,590 --> 00:06:12,449 But citizens from the German side borders complained about the noise. 82 00:06:13,649 --> 00:06:16,720 Due to political problems, planes had to approach the runways 83 00:06:16,820 --> 00:06:23,649 through the Swiss airport space. Because of the noise. 84 00:06:30,300 --> 00:06:34,089 There was no other operational reason. 85 00:06:34,689 --> 00:06:37,049 Pure politics. 86 00:06:37,449 --> 00:06:41,940 Switzerland agreed to after 22:00 will not use runway 14 87 00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:47,540 so that planes wouldn't pass through Germany, but runway 28 88 00:06:50,899 --> 00:06:54,520 The crew has not yet received it that information. 89 00:06:54,620 --> 00:06:58,279 But First Officer Loehrer knows about that rule. 90 00:06:59,279 --> 00:07:03,039 If I ask them, we use them do you still have runway 14? 91 00:07:04,739 --> 00:07:07,049 It will be 22:00 soon. 92 00:07:07,449 --> 00:07:10,849 I'm pretty sure that we are on runway 14. 93 00:07:13,949 --> 00:07:16,779 Control in Zurich, Crossair 3597. 94 00:07:17,179 --> 00:07:21,209 Please confirm your arrival and runway, ILS 14. 95 00:07:21,809 --> 00:07:24,529 Crossair 3597, we confirm. 96 00:07:24,629 --> 00:07:29,819 You have VOR/DME access to runway 28. 97 00:07:31,599 --> 00:07:34,619 Damn, what's next? 98 00:07:34,919 --> 00:07:38,489 Good, good. 99 00:07:38,789 --> 00:07:42,930 Unlike runway 14 with modern with the guidance system, 100 00:07:43,030 --> 00:07:46,899 Runway 28 does not allow instrument landing. 101 00:07:47,699 --> 00:07:51,560 Use less precise navigation system. 102 00:07:51,960 --> 00:07:54,869 It's called VOR/DME. 103 00:07:55,169 --> 00:07:59,009 A radio probe sends to the plane information about the distance from the runway 104 00:07:59,109 --> 00:08:05,569 and horizontal direction. It doesn't give information about the height of the plane. 105 00:08:06,789 --> 00:08:13,590 Pilots don't like VOR approaches because they give them too much work. 106 00:08:15,800 --> 00:08:22,609 You always want an ILS approach because you states through the slope of the approach 107 00:08:23,009 --> 00:08:29,030 and you can use the autopilot until landing on the runway. 108 00:08:29,669 --> 00:08:32,370 Due to less precise technology 109 00:08:32,470 --> 00:08:37,770 Runway 28 was rarely used before the new noise rule. 110 00:08:41,390 --> 00:08:44,680 Okay, ready We are leaving for runway 28. 111 00:08:45,110 --> 00:08:48,530 It's a form 13-2. 112 00:08:49,030 --> 00:08:52,320 Captain Lutz leaves instrumental approach 113 00:08:52,420 --> 00:08:57,050 and the preparation of the first officer for precise access. 114 00:08:57,750 --> 00:09:00,520 Does he know how to approach runway 28? 115 00:09:00,620 --> 00:09:03,060 Yes, I've done that a few times. 116 00:09:03,460 --> 00:09:07,880 The pilots agree on the way approach to Zurich airport. 117 00:09:09,080 --> 00:09:12,080 East, 2000 m. 118 00:09:15,780 --> 00:09:20,050 It was supposed to land that evening just a few more planes. 119 00:09:20,350 --> 00:09:25,540 Flight 3597 and the other two Crossair flies in front of him. 120 00:09:27,020 --> 00:09:32,090 As the planes approach, the controllers they maintain a distance between them. 121 00:09:32,890 --> 00:09:37,239 Crossair 3597, reduce speed at 180 or less. 122 00:09:37,930 --> 00:09:41,820 Speed 180 or less, Crossair 3597. 123 00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:46,390 Captain Lutz snapped yes would align the plane with the runway. 124 00:09:46,790 --> 00:09:50,020 160 �vors. 125 00:09:52,120 --> 00:09:56,970 The plane is shrouded in fog weather conditions around Z�rich. 126 00:09:59,070 --> 00:10:04,020 At the airport, the penultimate Crossair the flight lands on runway 28 127 00:10:04,930 --> 00:10:11,510 Only Flight 3597 needs to land and the shift manager leaves early. 128 00:10:12,990 --> 00:10:18,090 There is only one left in the tower one controller. 129 00:10:20,340 --> 00:10:25,040 Crossair 3597, reduce speed to approach speed. 130 00:10:27,550 --> 00:10:31,050 Tower, this is Crossair 3891. 131 00:10:31,560 --> 00:10:34,060 Gets reports from of the plane that just landed. 132 00:10:34,560 --> 00:10:40,010 Visibility is bad. Runway we saw only from 2,000 m. 133 00:10:40,110 --> 00:10:43,020 But Captain Lutz fine knows the airport. 134 00:10:44,021 --> 00:10:46,021 Continues towards the runway. 135 00:10:46,520 --> 00:10:51,000 Undercarriage down. - Airplane starts the last phase of access. 136 00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:54,090 Crew, prepare for landing. 137 00:10:58,090 --> 00:11:03,500 Captain Lutz begins slow down the plane and plunge steeply. 138 00:11:10,480 --> 00:11:14,300 Confirmed at 9 km. -That. 139 00:11:14,400 --> 00:11:16,270 Zakrilca 33. 140 00:11:19,071 --> 00:11:21,071 Zakrilca 33. 141 00:11:21,970 --> 00:11:26,020 Final check. - Final check. I confirm three green ones. 142 00:11:27,150 --> 00:11:32,510 Checked. 116 �vors. 143 00:11:34,170 --> 00:11:37,370 The plunge becomes even steeper. 144 00:11:39,770 --> 00:11:44,390 Flaps all the way. Installed. - Checked. 145 00:11:44,590 --> 00:11:49,020 Flight 3597 has more� three minutes to the runway. 146 00:11:50,720 --> 00:11:55,020 Captain Lutz expects to is to be seen at any moment. 147 00:12:00,840 --> 00:12:04,020 30 meters above. - Can we see the ground? 148 00:12:06,021 --> 00:12:08,021 That. 149 00:12:12,450 --> 00:12:15,580 Passengers are getting ready for landing. 150 00:12:16,080 --> 00:12:22,080 We were close to the airport, so we thought everything was fine 151 00:12:22,510 --> 00:12:26,110 but it was dark and raining is snow and we haven't seen anything. 152 00:12:28,110 --> 00:12:33,050 The controller in the tower is checking is the plane aligned with the runway. 153 00:12:34,070 --> 00:12:38,570 Crossair 3597, you can land on runway 28. 154 00:12:42,830 --> 00:12:45,650 730 meters. The minimum. -730. 155 00:12:45,680 --> 00:12:50,490 They reached the height of the decision. 730 meters above sea level, 156 00:12:50,590 --> 00:12:53,800 300 meters above the ground next to Z�rich. 157 00:12:54,700 --> 00:13:00,590 The decision height is minimal the height to which you can descend 158 00:13:00,591 --> 00:13:05,080 before you see the runway and the height at which you have to decide 159 00:13:05,180 --> 00:13:11,000 will you come down visually or circle. 160 00:13:11,540 --> 00:13:14,280 I see the ground. We will continue. 161 00:13:18,081 --> 00:13:20,581 150 meters. 162 00:13:21,282 --> 00:13:26,282 The captain can't see the runway lights. He knows that the plane in front didn't see them either. 163 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:30,500 He said they were saw the runway from 2,000 m. 164 00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:33,490 They should have already been above the runway. 165 00:13:33,590 --> 00:13:36,300 But for some reason they don't see her yet. 166 00:13:37,500 --> 00:13:39,890 Shall we round off? -That. 167 00:13:42,090 --> 00:13:44,560 The crew decides abandon landing. 168 00:13:44,660 --> 00:13:46,790 We are coming back. - We are coming back. 169 00:13:47,190 --> 00:13:51,290 And it loads the plane to the maximum trying to pick it up. 170 00:13:53,850 --> 00:13:57,720 Captain Lutz revs up the gas in �four jet engines 171 00:13:57,820 --> 00:14:00,160 after that he gave up landing at Zurich airport. 172 00:14:04,360 --> 00:14:05,960 But it's too late. 173 00:14:06,060 --> 00:14:09,500 Engines don't have time to catch up full strength and get up 174 00:14:09,600 --> 00:14:13,520 above the hills that suddenly appeared before them. 175 00:14:15,120 --> 00:14:20,580 Citizens of a nearby village saw it are the last moments of Flight 3597 176 00:14:21,950 --> 00:14:26,780 I was walking with the dog. I'm suddenly alone saw the plane descending 177 00:14:26,880 --> 00:14:33,550 behind a dark hill. It seemed to me that it was very low. 178 00:14:34,020 --> 00:14:40,160 He didn't fly the route that planes usually take pass when they land in Zurich. 179 00:14:40,260 --> 00:14:42,560 The plane bounces off the top of the hill. 180 00:14:48,670 --> 00:14:52,560 The plane suddenly started to shake a lot. 181 00:14:53,260 --> 00:14:56,060 Something went wrong. 182 00:15:05,030 --> 00:15:09,560 A few moments later, the plane falls on the hill. 183 00:15:16,110 --> 00:15:22,760 Crossair 3597, tower here in Zurich. do you hear me 184 00:15:24,080 --> 00:15:30,420 Suddenly the sky is on turned orange in the west 185 00:15:30,720 --> 00:15:32,250 as from a big explosion. 186 00:15:33,550 --> 00:15:36,460 The impact tore the plane apart. 187 00:15:36,560 --> 00:15:44,069 The wings have broken, and it is in them fuel. The plane was engulfed in flames. 188 00:15:50,330 --> 00:15:54,040 Crossair 3597, tower here in Zurich. do you hear me 189 00:15:57,440 --> 00:16:04,040 Here is the tower. We have an emergency in the eastern approach sector. 190 00:16:08,470 --> 00:16:12,700 Crossair Flight 3597 crashed is near the village of Basserdorf 191 00:16:12,800 --> 00:16:15,000 northeast of Zurich. 192 00:16:16,200 --> 00:16:18,730 A few passengers it survived the accident. 193 00:16:18,830 --> 00:16:22,230 Including Peter Hogenkamp and Jacqueline Badran. 194 00:16:25,330 --> 00:16:28,570 I don't remember how we got out. 195 00:16:29,509 --> 00:16:33,690 The back part was broken off and we could have just walked out. 196 00:16:35,200 --> 00:16:37,689 One girl also survived of the band Passion Fruit, 197 00:16:37,789 --> 00:16:42,330 but her colleagues who are sitting a row in front of her were killed. 198 00:16:43,630 --> 00:16:50,020 I remembered how you at the beginning of the flight they give instructions, 199 00:16:50,021 --> 00:16:53,520 but they never tell you how far to go 200 00:16:53,521 --> 00:16:56,610 from a hot plane. They don't tell you that. 201 00:16:58,511 --> 00:16:59,711 Let's get out of here. 202 00:16:59,860 --> 00:17:02,569 We thought it was one hundred meters is enough. 203 00:17:05,380 --> 00:17:09,580 Rescue teams are coming already in a few minutes. 204 00:17:13,081 --> 00:17:16,281 Hey! Here! Here! 205 00:17:18,360 --> 00:17:23,860 On Flight 3597 killed are 24 out of 30 people. 206 00:17:24,910 --> 00:17:29,219 Including Captain Lutz and first officer Stefan Loehrer. 207 00:17:34,230 --> 00:17:39,548 Daniel Knecht from the Swiss Agency for investigation of plane accidents 208 00:17:39,549 --> 00:17:41,580 comes to the scene of the accident. 209 00:17:42,180 --> 00:17:48,160 I received a call from us rescue services around 22:30. 210 00:17:48,290 --> 00:17:50,940 He was in half an hour alone at the scene of the accident. 211 00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:55,700 The rear part of the hull remained intact. 212 00:17:55,800 --> 00:18:00,120 Most of them are from that part the survivors escaped without injury. 213 00:18:01,590 --> 00:18:05,890 It seems to Peter Hogenkamp and his partner 214 00:18:05,990 --> 00:18:08,430 Moving in the back part of the plane saved lives. 215 00:18:09,030 --> 00:18:11,000 I think we were lucky. 216 00:18:11,200 --> 00:18:15,020 I think the story would be different concluded that we had not moved. 217 00:18:17,700 --> 00:18:20,510 Group Passion Fruit nam saved lives. 218 00:18:21,410 --> 00:18:26,570 The rescuers take care of the survivors, and Knecht inspects the crash site. 219 00:18:29,270 --> 00:18:34,090 Researchers find that interesting �the plane fell far from the runway. 220 00:18:36,120 --> 00:18:38,460 4050 meters from the runway? 221 00:18:39,460 --> 00:18:42,750 The plane was not found where he was supposed to be. 222 00:18:42,830 --> 00:18:46,940 He hit the hill east of runway 28. 223 00:18:47,040 --> 00:18:49,209 It was obviously too low. 224 00:18:49,909 --> 00:18:54,370 The first question was why the plane was so low. 225 00:18:55,050 --> 00:18:58,520 Black boxes were found in the wreck. 226 00:19:00,520 --> 00:19:02,520 They are in good condition. 227 00:19:10,600 --> 00:19:15,700 Researchers know that it is the biggest plane crash in Switzerland 228 00:19:15,800 --> 00:19:17,880 in more than ten years. 229 00:19:19,580 --> 00:19:22,590 They are under pressure and they have to quickly find answers. 230 00:19:25,490 --> 00:19:30,090 While working on the wreckage, u they place their seats nearby. 231 00:19:33,810 --> 00:19:37,250 Jean Overney presenter is from the investigative bureau. 232 00:19:37,350 --> 00:19:40,050 Takes over investigation of Crossair flight. 233 00:19:42,050 --> 00:19:44,550 The public was alarmed by the fall. 234 00:19:44,551 --> 00:19:48,520 The media posted many questions and we had to start 235 00:19:48,620 --> 00:19:50,430 a comprehensive investigation. 236 00:19:52,530 --> 00:19:55,560 The accident happened at the end a long day for Captain Lutz, 237 00:19:56,060 --> 00:20:00,190 but given his experience, other causes also come into consideration. 238 00:20:00,990 --> 00:20:03,590 We knew it was the captain was experienced. 239 00:20:04,390 --> 00:20:08,910 During his career he collected is about 17,000 flight hours. 240 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:14,060 He was a flight instructor and he flew for the company for more than 20 years. 241 00:20:15,210 --> 00:20:19,540 He will be filming a trip to Paris where It will extract flight data from them. 242 00:20:21,340 --> 00:20:26,030 At the same time researchers they collect pieces of wreckage. 243 00:20:27,840 --> 00:20:30,520 Looking for indicators of problems. 244 00:20:31,420 --> 00:20:33,590 The position of the switch is very important. 245 00:20:34,040 --> 00:20:38,360 If you find the plate with indicator lights, 246 00:20:38,460 --> 00:20:44,510 you can after a fall analyze the lights in the lamps 247 00:20:44,610 --> 00:20:51,570 and then you can know which they are indicators or even warnings 248 00:20:51,670 --> 00:20:54,220 were involved at the time of the fall. 249 00:20:58,700 --> 00:21:02,299 Researcher finds an interesting fragment. 250 00:21:02,499 --> 00:21:08,110 The oil gauge shows the flow oil for up to four jet engines. 251 00:21:09,959 --> 00:21:13,220 Surprisingly, there is one installed upside down. 252 00:21:17,020 --> 00:21:19,640 This caused many issues between us and the media. 253 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:24,550 Everyone was interested in how to fly it with the instrument turned upside down. 254 00:21:27,090 --> 00:21:30,170 That was not very important instrument and you could it 255 00:21:30,270 --> 00:21:32,509 read though it is was upside down. 256 00:21:33,909 --> 00:21:37,040 But if this one leaves problem not fixed, 257 00:21:37,240 --> 00:21:39,300 �what else� could be wrong? 258 00:21:42,390 --> 00:21:44,280 They obviously existed maintenance problems. 259 00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:48,460 We checked how the company maintains airplanes. 260 00:21:53,470 --> 00:21:57,579 By the time they run that check, researchers study engines 261 00:21:57,679 --> 00:22:00,540 to find out if they are functioned at the time of the fall. 262 00:22:03,829 --> 00:22:09,210 Earth, branches and debris in they indicate that they are. 263 00:22:11,080 --> 00:22:14,570 We checked them visually and found that all four engines 264 00:22:15,070 --> 00:22:17,570 was on at the time of the accident. 265 00:22:18,270 --> 00:22:20,440 Researchers must be sure of it. 266 00:22:20,540 --> 00:22:24,430 Provjerit �e to u data from the flight recorder. 267 00:22:27,730 --> 00:22:31,000 In the meantime, just the place of the accident indicates that 268 00:22:31,100 --> 00:22:35,010 that something misled the crew when descending towards the runway. 269 00:22:35,510 --> 00:22:39,200 Knecht examines the cards that are used for access planning. 270 00:22:40,800 --> 00:22:43,540 Was the problem in the approach or the plane? 271 00:22:43,940 --> 00:22:49,280 That was the main thing for us question at the beginning of the investigation. 272 00:22:50,920 --> 00:22:55,090 Does he know how to approach runway 28? - Yes, I did it several times. 273 00:22:55,510 --> 00:22:58,630 Pilot access tickets point towards the runway. 274 00:22:59,930 --> 00:23:04,260 Contains details like radio frequency, height and speed 275 00:23:04,460 --> 00:23:06,250 for various phases during landing. 276 00:23:07,550 --> 00:23:11,520 Examining the access card which the crew used, 277 00:23:11,620 --> 00:23:13,450 They reveal something shocking. 278 00:23:14,050 --> 00:23:17,540 There are no hills on the map which the plane hit. 279 00:23:18,540 --> 00:23:24,000 The access card is very important because if any label is wrong, 280 00:23:24,300 --> 00:23:30,540 can mislead the crew and lead them to some mistake. 281 00:23:31,920 --> 00:23:38,030 Tell me what the runway conditions are like. - Cloudy with light snow. 282 00:23:38,590 --> 00:23:43,780 A net card would be dangerous for a crew that does not know Z�rich. 283 00:23:43,810 --> 00:23:47,589 But then Lutz landed and flew countless times. 284 00:23:48,289 --> 00:23:51,830 He and the first officer They lived there. 285 00:23:53,530 --> 00:24:00,090 The captain is from Zurich flew for some 15-20 years. 286 00:24:01,091 --> 00:24:03,091 He really knew that airport. 287 00:24:04,190 --> 00:24:09,530 Researchers conclude that it would the map fooled some crews, 288 00:24:10,030 --> 00:24:11,530 but not this one. 289 00:24:16,820 --> 00:24:19,020 Undoubted news is finally coming. 290 00:24:21,020 --> 00:24:24,500 The data from black utija confirm observations from the scene of the accident. 291 00:24:26,490 --> 00:24:29,740 We could see that they were the engines worked completely normally. 292 00:24:31,740 --> 00:24:35,159 Another cause of the accident it has been removed from the list. 293 00:24:35,559 --> 00:24:37,099 Mechanical failure. 294 00:24:38,799 --> 00:24:41,960 Researchers consider another possibility. 295 00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:45,320 I managed the approaches from the west in the night of the accident. 296 00:24:46,020 --> 00:24:49,550 Is flight control steered the plane wrongly? 297 00:24:50,550 --> 00:24:55,880 Researchers in data from the night fall they find something unusual. 298 00:24:56,860 --> 00:25:01,019 At the time of the accident in there were too few people in the tower. 299 00:25:01,619 --> 00:25:03,290 He left before the end of his shift. 300 00:25:04,090 --> 00:25:08,080 The shift manager went home earlier and left one controller 301 00:25:08,280 --> 00:25:11,260 to land Flight 3597 302 00:25:13,560 --> 00:25:17,830 She was relatively young and she didn't have much experience. 303 00:25:19,679 --> 00:25:23,859 Researchers study transcripts of that controller's conversation 304 00:25:24,059 --> 00:25:28,029 And the crew is looking for it her mistake. 305 00:25:28,529 --> 00:25:34,549 Crossair 3597, we confirm. Reduce speed to... -180. 306 00:25:35,550 --> 00:25:39,600 Runway 28. - Control, Crossair 3597. 307 00:25:40,300 --> 00:25:44,500 They found no indication that the controller made a mistake. 308 00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:50,070 But they find the call of the pilot who landed a few minutes earlier. 309 00:25:50,371 --> 00:25:55,571 Tower, this is Crossair 3891. Visibility is bad. 310 00:25:56,072 --> 00:25:58,972 We saw the runway only from 2,000 m. 311 00:25:59,050 --> 00:26:03,000 The pilot warned of bad weather conditions of access to runway 28 312 00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:05,439 She had options. 313 00:26:05,839 --> 00:26:08,000 They wonder why the controller did not close the runway. 314 00:26:09,000 --> 00:26:14,250 Due to poor visibility, she could again to open the runway despite the ban. 315 00:26:15,150 --> 00:26:18,070 The crew could execute instrumental approach. 316 00:26:19,170 --> 00:26:20,200 But she didn't do it. 317 00:26:20,400 --> 00:26:22,210 Thanks, Crossair 3891. 318 00:26:22,810 --> 00:26:24,190 Good night. 319 00:26:24,490 --> 00:26:27,770 It would be easier to do instrumental approach 320 00:26:27,870 --> 00:26:31,070 regardless of the political problem. 321 00:26:31,970 --> 00:26:35,440 It is assumed that without a leader the controller had no experience 322 00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:38,220 for making such an important decision. 323 00:26:41,520 --> 00:26:45,359 It is clear that he would for the decision on the closing of runway 28 324 00:26:45,759 --> 00:26:49,570 and the opening of runway 14 either necessary confidence, 325 00:26:49,670 --> 00:26:51,580 a certain kind of courage. 326 00:26:54,580 --> 00:26:57,129 But so is Captain Lutz �heard that warning. 327 00:26:57,929 --> 00:27:02,080 Visibility is bad. Runway we saw only from 2,000 m. 328 00:27:02,190 --> 00:27:05,600 Undercarriage down. - He continued despite the warning. 329 00:27:07,300 --> 00:27:11,810 Researchers are now sure that the controller is not responsible. 330 00:27:14,010 --> 00:27:19,039 The pilot can always say no. He can refuse permission to land 331 00:27:19,360 --> 00:27:22,819 if he thinks he won't be able to land. 332 00:27:23,219 --> 00:27:27,410 He can refuse the offer access and request a new one. 333 00:27:28,010 --> 00:27:32,580 Jean Overney doesn't understand why Captain Lutz did not do that. 334 00:27:32,980 --> 00:27:37,040 He didn't have to perform imprecise access in such bad weather. 335 00:27:38,940 --> 00:27:43,470 When we saw what she was like the pilot made a mistake, 336 00:27:43,670 --> 00:27:47,239 we asked ourselves how that was possible. 337 00:27:49,410 --> 00:27:53,479 For the experienced pilot and instructor it was an initial mistake. 338 00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:00,560 Overney begins to wonder if he can li in Lutz's long career 339 00:28:00,860 --> 00:28:05,060 find an explanation for his behavior on the night of the accident. 340 00:28:09,040 --> 00:28:15,570 Researchers are gradually eliminating possible causes of Flight 3597's crash 341 00:28:20,270 --> 00:28:23,470 They hope he will find the answer in the recording of the pilot's conversation 342 00:28:23,670 --> 00:28:25,539 cabin of the crashed plane. 343 00:28:26,539 --> 00:28:30,230 After they had been waiting for days data from France, 344 00:28:31,330 --> 00:28:36,000 They are now listening carefully to the recording looking for something to explain 345 00:28:36,270 --> 00:28:40,619 why was the plane flying so low and far from the airport. 346 00:28:44,019 --> 00:28:46,690 Researchers win more than expected. 347 00:28:47,490 --> 00:28:53,170 The recording is complete, and Captain Lutz commented on everything he was doing 348 00:28:54,070 --> 00:28:57,170 On direction 275. 349 00:28:58,570 --> 00:29:01,390 Speed checked, flaps 18. 350 00:29:01,739 --> 00:29:05,830 They get the full picture events in the cockpit. 351 00:29:08,550 --> 00:29:13,860 It is unusual that the pilot he talks so much while flying 352 00:29:14,250 --> 00:29:19,520 about what he sees and does. That helped a lot in the investigation. 353 00:29:20,760 --> 00:29:24,440 30 m above. Can we see the ground? -That. 354 00:29:25,380 --> 00:29:29,250 Researchers find out that it is the crew of Flight 3597 was looking for a runway 355 00:29:29,870 --> 00:29:32,020 and believed that it would is soon to be seen. 356 00:29:32,720 --> 00:29:39,020 We established with the help of the recording that the captain and his co-pilot 357 00:29:39,569 --> 00:29:46,050 they didn't feel fear and they didn't thought that something was not going according to plan. 358 00:29:46,850 --> 00:29:51,560 But they didn't know they were from 6.5 km away from their goal. 359 00:29:54,061 --> 00:29:56,561 He said he did saw the runway from 2,000 m. 360 00:29:57,840 --> 00:30:01,400 Captain Lutz is obvious thought it was close to the runway. 361 00:30:03,500 --> 00:30:06,069 Researchers consider the possibility that he deceived him 362 00:30:06,269 --> 00:30:09,200 Measuring device distance, the so-called DME. 363 00:30:11,190 --> 00:30:14,153 He tells the pilots how much are far from the airport. 364 00:30:15,820 --> 00:30:19,395 DME should have show that distance 365 00:30:20,267 --> 00:30:26,552 and then he would immediately discover that located below the approach path. 366 00:30:27,870 --> 00:30:31,178 Maybe DME is on Flight 3597 was faulty. 367 00:30:32,932 --> 00:30:37,759 It was found in the wreckage, but it is impossible to know what he was showing. 368 00:30:40,313 --> 00:30:44,280 But there is a way to check it whether the device functioned correctly. 369 00:30:46,224 --> 00:30:48,430 The distance on the DME is not recorded, 370 00:30:49,628 --> 00:30:53,540 but the pilots are on two occasions mentioned the distance. 371 00:30:54,794 --> 00:30:57,332 9 km confirmed. -That. 372 00:30:58,501 --> 00:31:02,591 Was Captain Lutz really the 9th? km from the runway when did he say that? 373 00:31:04,449 --> 00:31:07,254 Researchers compare time when Lutz read DME 374 00:31:07,768 --> 00:31:11,185 with radar footage data at that moment. 375 00:31:12,983 --> 00:31:16,519 When Lutzu is an instrument shown to be 9 km away, 376 00:31:18,254 --> 00:31:20,093 that was completely correct. 377 00:31:21,483 --> 00:31:27,212 We knew the pilots had correct distance indicator. 378 00:31:28,614 --> 00:31:32,513 And the instrument failure has been removed from the list of possible causes of the fall, 379 00:31:34,273 --> 00:31:36,432 and that only increases the puzzle. 380 00:31:37,255 --> 00:31:39,381 I can see the ground. We continue. 381 00:31:40,002 --> 00:31:45,615 If the DME was correct, why did Lutz think he was close? 382 00:31:47,597 --> 00:31:51,203 The answer is hidden, not in that What the researchers heard on the recording, 383 00:31:52,125 --> 00:31:53,542 but about what they are not. 384 00:31:54,696 --> 00:31:56,710 There is nothing lower after 9 km. 385 00:31:58,226 --> 00:32:03,543 Can we see the ground? -No pilot did not mention DME after 9 km. 386 00:32:04,179 --> 00:32:08,940 Yes. -That tells the researchers yes Lutz did not follow the key instrument 387 00:32:09,505 --> 00:32:11,293 during the last minutes of access. 388 00:32:13,056 --> 00:32:16,209 Instead, he was looking for runway lights. 389 00:32:17,707 --> 00:32:19,880 Pilots shouldn't do that. 390 00:32:23,555 --> 00:32:26,349 The pilot should constantly look at the instruments. 391 00:32:26,833 --> 00:32:28,716 All the information is there which he needs. 392 00:32:29,352 --> 00:32:33,312 It should start through the window look only when the co-pilot says 393 00:32:35,193 --> 00:32:39,443 that he saw the runway. Only then the captain is allowed to look up 394 00:32:40,084 --> 00:32:43,347 and perform the landing visual control. 395 00:32:50,145 --> 00:32:55,245 Had Lutz checked the instruments, he would know that he is far from the runway. 396 00:32:56,571 --> 00:32:59,118 But what is it like? made it that far? 397 00:33:00,272 --> 00:33:02,016 120 meters. - I confirm three greens. 398 00:33:02,877 --> 00:33:07,866 I confirm. 116 �vors. 399 00:33:08,882 --> 00:33:11,861 Analysis of data from black of the box shows that it is Lutz's 400 00:33:12,254 --> 00:33:16,836 plunged very steeply towards airport Z�rich. 401 00:33:19,548 --> 00:33:25,465 It is immediately obvious that his trajectory does not match the access ticket. 402 00:33:29,174 --> 00:33:34,654 For access to runway 28, pilots must sink gradually and slowly. 403 00:33:35,483 --> 00:33:39,455 Thus at 730 m they come after flying over the hills around Z�rich. 404 00:33:41,044 --> 00:33:43,970 Then pilots are needed align with the runway. 405 00:33:47,284 --> 00:33:52,344 Researchers compare Lutzov approach with the one who planned 406 00:33:53,867 --> 00:33:57,790 and discover that it is steep dive down to 730 m 407 00:33:58,721 --> 00:34:00,950 before he flew over the hills. 408 00:34:02,277 --> 00:34:05,663 Then he continued to descend until it hits the ground. 409 00:34:09,412 --> 00:34:14,196 It appears that Lutz has fouled one of the main rules of flying. 410 00:34:17,518 --> 00:34:23,732 Aircraft on non-precision approach they must maintain a safe height 411 00:34:24,482 --> 00:34:26,664 until they see the runway. 412 00:34:28,143 --> 00:34:32,337 A safe height should be maintained by the plane from potential dangers. 413 00:34:37,332 --> 00:34:39,062 It's really a beginner's mistake. 414 00:34:40,108 --> 00:34:43,960 All pilots learn to respect minimum height. 415 00:34:45,005 --> 00:34:50,076 Not only for VOR/DME but also for the ILS approach. 416 00:34:50,781 --> 00:34:56,099 But Captain Lutz continued plunge below 730 meters. 417 00:34:57,164 --> 00:35:01,778 The question itself will follow purpose. Did he see the runway or not? 418 00:35:02,756 --> 00:35:07,469 I see the ground. We continue. - what did he mean by that? 419 00:35:09,965 --> 00:35:13,069 They wonder if it is possible that Lutz saw the runway 420 00:35:13,526 --> 00:35:15,522 when he said he saw the ground. 421 00:35:19,027 --> 00:35:20,672 They repeat his steps in the simulator 422 00:35:21,387 --> 00:35:23,848 programmed with conditions from that night. 423 00:35:25,401 --> 00:35:29,343 9,000 m from the runway, height 1005 meters. 424 00:35:32,631 --> 00:35:35,679 7724 meters from the runway, 730 meters. 425 00:35:36,207 --> 00:35:38,044 The runway is still not visible. 426 00:35:41,396 --> 00:35:45,360 He couldn't see the runway because there was a hill in front of her. 427 00:35:45,994 --> 00:35:49,272 He couldn't see her from that height. 428 00:35:50,929 --> 00:35:55,730 Conclusion: Lutz is obvious lowered below the minimum height. 429 00:35:57,135 --> 00:36:02,672 The minimum height is adjustable terrain, be it flat or hilly. 430 00:36:03,639 --> 00:36:06,975 You must not go below minimum, whether hill or not. 431 00:36:07,888 --> 00:36:11,252 This discovery raises questions not only about Lutz's actions, 432 00:36:11,875 --> 00:36:13,890 but also about those of his of the first officer. 433 00:36:14,884 --> 00:36:17,552 730, minimum. -730. 434 00:36:19,164 --> 00:36:20,813 We continue. 435 00:36:21,296 --> 00:36:25,372 The first mate is not allowed to the captain allow violation of min. height. 436 00:36:29,162 --> 00:36:32,580 The co-pilot could have stopped him because they didn't see the runway. 437 00:36:33,019 --> 00:36:35,062 He could have stopped the sinking. 438 00:36:36,282 --> 00:36:41,328 He believed he was his captain an old pilot with a lot of experience 439 00:36:41,847 --> 00:36:46,116 who will not make mistakes. He probably trusted him too much. 440 00:36:48,379 --> 00:36:51,247 Maybe he was too submissive. 441 00:36:52,218 --> 00:36:56,776 Maybe he heard that it wouldn't come to the conflict in the cockpit. 442 00:36:58,146 --> 00:37:01,813 There were no mechanical failures no problems with the instruments. 443 00:37:04,276 --> 00:37:07,489 Flight control isn't either made no mistake. 444 00:37:09,110 --> 00:37:13,920 It became clear that he was the captain made a series of mistakes 445 00:37:14,526 --> 00:37:19,063 which condemned Flight 3597 and took the lives of 24 people. 446 00:37:22,465 --> 00:37:27,008 Researchers are investigating captain lutz's history 447 00:37:27,617 --> 00:37:32,528 He is looking for an explanation for the crash of Flight 3597 448 00:37:34,838 --> 00:37:37,222 They discovered something worrying. 449 00:37:38,463 --> 00:37:41,511 Lutz is 17 years old applied for a pilot. 450 00:37:42,237 --> 00:37:45,292 He was rejected three times because insufficient education. 451 00:37:46,434 --> 00:37:48,943 Pilot license he got it at the age of 20, 452 00:37:50,031 --> 00:37:52,559 but it's not at all could upgrade 453 00:37:53,211 --> 00:37:55,835 due to misunderstanding navigation systems. 454 00:37:57,224 --> 00:38:01,032 Captain's career was is long, but not bright. 455 00:38:02,013 --> 00:38:09,000 Years and hours of flying are not ability indicator. 456 00:38:09,937 --> 00:38:13,867 Despite the below-average results, 457 00:38:14,633 --> 00:38:17,547 Company Crossair hired in 1979. 458 00:38:18,441 --> 00:38:24,443 During his career several incidents occurred. 459 00:38:25,754 --> 00:38:28,843 A few times it didn't done all the checks. 460 00:38:31,090 --> 00:38:33,388 It had its limitations. 461 00:38:34,818 --> 00:38:38,143 It's hard for me to understand if it was known, 462 00:38:39,875 --> 00:38:42,898 and he was allowed to continue flying. 463 00:38:44,889 --> 00:38:48,312 Captain Lutz continued to make mistakes in a new job. 464 00:38:51,110 --> 00:38:53,695 During the tourist season flights over the Swiss Alps 465 00:38:54,258 --> 00:38:56,848 because of a navigation error he flew to Italy. 466 00:38:58,284 --> 00:39:01,500 He just noticed the mistake when the travelers saw 467 00:39:02,231 --> 00:39:04,137 traffic signs in Italian. 468 00:39:06,906 --> 00:39:10,503 On another occasion, he stole a plane worth 1.5 million dollars 469 00:39:11,077 --> 00:39:15,517 that's what he accidentally slipped in undercarriage while the plane was on the runway. 470 00:39:19,465 --> 00:39:22,795 Due to Lutz error he was no longer an instructor, 471 00:39:23,586 --> 00:39:26,344 but Crossair let him to fly passenger planes. 472 00:39:28,639 --> 00:39:31,211 I do pilot assessments. 473 00:39:31,992 --> 00:39:36,485 He wouldn't get it from me positive assessment. 474 00:39:41,533 --> 00:39:45,660 Researchers wonder why Crossair retained Lutz as a pilot 475 00:39:46,399 --> 00:39:51,701 if he was not capable. They reveal that maybe there was no choice. 476 00:40:00,761 --> 00:40:03,975 First indication of trouble in Crossair she was discovered 477 00:40:04,755 --> 00:40:07,657 turned gauge upside down at the scene of the accident. 478 00:40:09,826 --> 00:40:12,697 We had to check if they were employees have received adequate training 479 00:40:13,478 --> 00:40:16,190 and whether they were qualified for their jobs. 480 00:40:18,534 --> 00:40:20,467 Not found maintenance problems, 481 00:40:21,132 --> 00:40:26,224 but an explanation was found as to why the captain continued to fly. 482 00:40:27,079 --> 00:40:30,388 The Crossair company is perhaps too fast grew during the 80s and 90s. 483 00:40:35,051 --> 00:40:37,091 The company grew very quickly. 484 00:40:37,968 --> 00:40:41,116 With that kind of success, you have to be quick increase the number of employees. 485 00:40:42,147 --> 00:40:47,143 Mechanics and employees are in the office one thing, but pilots are not easy to find. 486 00:40:50,195 --> 00:40:53,564 They desperately needed pilots 487 00:40:54,392 --> 00:40:57,355 and they never brought the decision to fire him 488 00:40:58,011 --> 00:41:01,103 due to questionable quality of work. 489 00:41:02,394 --> 00:41:06,715 Captain Lutz's mistakes are retrieved November 24, 2001 490 00:41:07,719 --> 00:41:11,179 Shall we round off? -That. 491 00:41:14,394 --> 00:41:16,656 24 people paid them with their lives 492 00:41:28,447 --> 00:41:32,192 After the publication of the accident report big changes followed. 493 00:41:33,144 --> 00:41:38,157 The company Crossair increased the number employees who supervise the pilots. 494 00:41:39,419 --> 00:41:44,583 It has also been checked in other companies are there any bad pilots like Lutz. 495 00:41:52,314 --> 00:41:57,767 One thing is certain. Selection process the pilot has been significantly improved. 496 00:41:59,554 --> 00:42:06,019 It has also been improved and monitoring the quality of pilot work. 497 00:42:07,711 --> 00:42:11,089 The company Crossair ceased started working in 2002. 498 00:42:11,476 --> 00:42:14,058 It is connected to the largest one to the national airline. 499 00:42:17,062 --> 00:42:19,500 When the Crossair became part of Swiss Air, 500 00:42:20,344 --> 00:42:24,330 they adopted theirs pilot selection process. 501 00:42:28,181 --> 00:42:31,833 Today, nine years later, 502 00:42:32,669 --> 00:42:36,025 security has been significantly improved. 503 00:42:36,899 --> 00:42:42,653 As well as the quality of pilots who airlines are hiring. 504 00:42:47,713 --> 00:42:50,173 After the crash of Flight 3597 505 00:42:50,860 --> 00:42:54,964 Runway 28 in Zurich has been upgraded system for instrumental access 506 00:42:55,553 --> 00:42:59,615 and with a warning system tower that the plane is too low. 507 00:43:00,817 --> 00:43:03,837 He is no longer on that runway no incident occurred. 508 00:43:05,290 --> 00:43:10,720 But Crossair's tragedy i its causes are not an isolated case. 509 00:43:11,830 --> 00:43:15,287 Regional airlines they grew everywhere during the '80s, 510 00:43:16,192 --> 00:43:19,562 especially in the USA where they reflect half of all flights 511 00:43:20,268 --> 00:43:22,970 and transport 100 mil. passengers per year. 512 00:43:24,023 --> 00:43:27,385 To fulfill the demand passengers looking for cheap transportation, 513 00:43:28,173 --> 00:43:31,730 These companies often hire inexperienced pilots also pay 514 00:43:32,406 --> 00:43:35,630 Less than that that's what big companies do. 515 00:43:36,571 --> 00:43:40,374 Some do not even test the most basic skills of its pilots. 516 00:43:42,925 --> 00:43:48,193 There are no mandatory assessments pilot before they get a job. 517 00:43:48,766 --> 00:43:50,060 There are none. 518 00:43:53,790 --> 00:43:56,852 Colgan Air, February 2009 519 00:43:57,507 --> 00:44:01,448 In the crash of their plane in 50 people died in Buffalo. 520 00:44:04,088 --> 00:44:07,364 She was responsible for the accident inexperienced crew. 521 00:44:08,568 --> 00:44:10,891 Eerily similar to the Crossair crash, 522 00:44:11,448 --> 00:44:15,306 She emphasized the necessity of improvement control over small companies. 523 00:44:19,101 --> 00:44:22,083 If as a large company produce something and make a mistake, 524 00:44:22,679 --> 00:44:25,513 maybe you will lose market or client share. 525 00:44:26,613 --> 00:44:30,761 But the airline can lose plane, crew and passengers. 526 00:44:31,476 --> 00:44:33,362 These are completely different roles. 527 00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:50,000 Translated and adapted by: Travis